Sources

Our sources.

We only publish facts we can back up. Here is where each one comes from.

• 130+ years — Pakistan has made surgical instruments since the late 1800s, when local craftsmen began repairing — then making — instruments for British doctors. TDAP
• US$445M — Pakistan's surgical goods and medical instrument exports in FY2023-24. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
• ~5,000 — Instrument manufacturers in the national industry association, making about 20,000 instrument types. International Trade Centre
• 172 countries — Where Pakistani instruments are exported. The biggest buyers in 2024: the USA, Germany and the UK. ITC; World Bank WITS / UN Comtrade
• Their name, our work — Most of the industry makes instruments to order for foreign brands, mainly in Germany, the UK and the USA, which sell them under their own names. Pakistan Business Council